> *Opening Remarks: Hacking and Digital Dissidence*..............................
> 1
>   1.1 Using Computers for the Pursuit of Political and Social
> Changes and for the Bene fi t of All Mankind
> ..................................... 1
>   1.2 From Early Hackers to Digital Resistance Activities
> ........................ 5
>   1.3 The So-Called * Twitter Revolutions*
> .................................................... 7
>   1.4 The Worldwide Scenario, and Some Preliminary
> Interpretative Questions
> ..................................................................... 9
>   References
> ...................................................................................................
> 22
> *  2 Digital Resistance, Digital Liberties and Digital Transparency*........... 27
>   2.1 A Preliminary De fi nition of * Digital Resistance*
> and * Digital Liberties*
> ..........................................................................
> 27
>   2.1.1 Some Focal Aspects of Digital Dissidence
> ............................ 27
>   2.1.2 Preliminary Legal and Political Remarks
> .............................. 28
>   2.1.3 The Power of Technology in Critical Contexts
> and the New Public Sphere
> .................................................... 30
>   2.2 The Fundamental Role of a Secure (and Peer-Reviewed)
> Liberation Technology: The * Haystack*  Case-History
> ......................... 32
>   2.3 Two Key Aspects of Digital Resistance Activities,
> and Several Case Studies
> ................................................................... 36
>   2.3.1 The Key Aspects of Dissident Activities
> ............................... 36
>   2.3.2 Digital Resistance Case-Studies
> ............................................. 41
>   2.4 Open Government, Collaborative Transparency
> and Civic Hacking as a Form of Digital Resistance
> .......................... 47
>   2.4.1 The Idea of Government as a Platform
> for Transparency.....................................................................
> 47
>   2.4.2 The Metaphor of Government 2.0 and the Idea
> of Collaborative Transparency
> ............................................... 49
>   2.4.3 Citizen Engagement for the Oversight
> of Political Activity
> ................................................................ 51
>   2.4.4 Collaborative Mapping and Digital Resistance
> ...................... 59
>   References
> ...................................................................................................
> 68
> *  3 Hacking and Digital Dissidence Activities*.............................................. 73
>     3.1 The Role of Hackers in the Landscape of Digital Resistance
> .......... 73
>     3.2 A First Analysis of Common Threats to Digital
> Freedom and to Hacker Activities
> ................................................... 74
>     3.3 Being a Hacker in This Framework
> ................................................. 76
>    3.3.1 Thinking Like a Hacker
> ....................................................... 76
>    3.3.2 State Antagonism, Fear and Violence
> .................................. 79
>     3.4 A Brand New Playground
> ................................................................ 81
>    3.4.1 Liberation Technologies
> ....................................................... 81
>    3.4.2 Anonymity and Bloggers' Rights
> ........................................ 84
>    3.4.3 Innovation
> ............................................................................
> 86
>    3.4.4 Intellectual Property and Privacy
> ......................................... 86
>    3.4.5 EPIC Activities in the Field of Privacy
> ................................ 88
>    3.4.6 Transparency
> ........................................................................
> 89
>     3.5 A New Perspective on Hacking
> ....................................................... 90
>    3.5.1 The Essence of hacking
> ....................................................... 90
>    3.5.2 The Hacker Spirit and Some Lessons
> from the  Ushahidi  Project
> .................................................... 91
>    3.5.3 A New Breed of Hackers
> ..................................................... 94
>     3.6 The* Do-It-Yourself* Approach
> ........................................................... 97
>     3.7 The Hacker Ethic
> .............................................................................
> 99
>     3.8 Hacking and Crime
> ..........................................................................
> 101
>     3.9 Threats to Hackers
> ...........................................................................
> 105
>    3.9.1 The EFF Report Unintended Consequences ........................
> 105
>    3.9.2 Some Signi fi cant Recent Legal Cases:
> Cease-and-Desist Actions
> .................................................... 106
>    3.10 Hacking Electronic Voting Machines
> for the Purpose of Transparency
> ...................................................... 117
>   References
> ...................................................................................................
> 122
> *  4 Digital Resistance, Digital Liberties and Human Rights*....................... 125
>     4.1 Internet and Human Rights
> .............................................................. 125
>     4.2 Internet and the* Universal Declaration of Human Rights*............... 130
>     4.3 The Council of Europe and the Human Rights Guidelines
> for Internet Service Providers: The Role of ISPs
> in Human Rights Environments and Protection
> ............................... 133
>     4.4 The WSIS Declaration of Principles
> ................................................ 134
>     4.5 The 2011 United Nations Report on the Promotion
> and Protection of the Right to Freedom of Opinion
> and Expression
> .................................................................................
> 137
>     4.6 A Charter of Human Rights and Principles for the Internet
> ............ 144
>  4.7 The "Bill of Rights" Projects
> ........................................................... 152
>    4.7.1 The Internet Bill of Rights Drafted
> within the IGF Works
> ........................................................... 152
>    4.7.2 The Internet Rights and Principles Dynamic
> Coalition Bill of Rights
> ........................................................ 154
>     4.7.3 A Bill of Rights in Cyberspace
> ............................................ 155
>     4.7.4 The EFF  Bill of Privacy Rights
> for* Social Network Users*..................................................... 156
>    4.8 A Human Rights Approach to the Mobile Internet
> ............................ 157
>    4.9 The Relationship Between Human Rights and Technology
> Sales to Oppressive Regimes
> ............................................................. 159
>   References
> ...................................................................................................
> 159
> *  5 The Use of Liberation Technology*........................................................... 161
>    5.1 Technical Resistance Tactics
> .............................................................. 161
>    5.2 Surveillance Self-Defense or Self-Defense Against
> Surveillance and Monitoring
> .............................................................. 167
>    5.3 A Recent Circumvention Tool Usage Report
> .................................... 169
>    5.4 Tools and Guides
> ................................................................................
> 171
>     5.4.1 Leaping Over the Firewall: A Review of Censorship
> Circumvention Tools by* Freedom House*............................. 171
>     5.4.2 Ten Fundamental Aspects of a Typical Liberation
> Technology Tool
> .................................................................. 176
>     5.4.3 An Interesting (Comparative) Article
> on Real Anonimity of VPN Systems Users ......................... 180
>   References
> ...................................................................................................
> 184
> *  6 Digital Activism, Internet Control, Transparency,*
> *Censorship, Surveillance and Human Rights:
> An International Perspective*................................................................... 187
>    6.1 An Introductory Overview
> ................................................................. 187
>     6.1.1 The Global  OpenNet Initiative  Analysis
> .............................. 187
>     6.1.2 Techniques and Tools Commonly Used to Censor .............. 201
>    6.2 An Analysis of Several Countries with Critical
> Human Rights Issues
> ..........................................................................
> 203
>     6.2.1 Burma: Internet and Human Rights in a Particular
> Technological, Political and Legal Framework ................... 203
>     6.2.2 Cuba: Internet Control, User Restrictions, Legal
> and Regulatory Frameworks, Blogosphere,
> Digital Dissidents and Civil Society ....................................
> 214
>     6.2.3 South Korea: Digital Resistance Issues
> ............................... 227
>     6.2.4 Saudi Arabia: The Digital Liberties Landscape
> ................... 230
>     6.2.5 Syria: Digital Liberties Issues
> .............................................. 233
>     6.2.6 Iran: Internet and Digital Liberties Issues
> ............................ 239
>     6.2.7 China: The Internet and Types and Levels
> of Chinese Internet Censorship
> ............................................ 247
>  6.2.8 Turkmenistan: Censorship and Control
> ............................... 259
>     6.2.9 Uzbekistan: Internet, Censorship and Surveillance .............
> 262
>    6.2.10 Vietnam: Digital Resistance and Censorship
> ....................... 269
>    6.2.11 Australia: Internet Filtering Policies, Digital Liberties
> and Circumvention Tools
> ..................................................... 273
>    6.2.12 Iceland: Digital Resistance Issues
> and Freedom of Information
> ................................................ 279
>    6.2.13 India: Freedom of Speech, Freedom of Information
> and Electronic Censorship
> ................................................... 283
>    6.2.14 Russia. Internet and Human Rights: Political
> and Technological Frameworks ...........................................
> 290
>    6.2.15 North Korea: The Main Digital Liberties Issues
> .................. 295
>    6.3 Revolts and Digital Dissidence in Egypt and Tunisia:
> Where It All Began
> ............................................................................
> 301
>     6.3.1 A Brief Summary of Digital Dissidence in Egypt ...............
> 301
>     6.3.2 A Brief Summary of Digital Dissidence in Tunisia .............
> 303
>   References
> ...................................................................................................
> 304
> *  7 Conclusions: The Landscape of Digital Liberties and the Future*........ 309
>    7.1 Human Rights in the Digital Era and the Role of Law
> ...................... 309
>    7.2 Technology as an* Antibody*................................................................ 311
>    7.3 The Technological Scenario
> ............................................................... 313
>    7.4 The Relationships Between Hacking and Digital Resistance
> ............ 314
>   References
> ...................................................................................................
> 315
> * Author Index*
> ....................................................................................................
> 317
> *Subject Index*...................................................................................................
> 321